Android SDK vs Expo: What are the differences?

Key Differences between Android SDK and Expo

Android SDK and Expo are platforms used for developing mobile applications, but they have key differences that set them apart.

1. Development Environment: Android SDK requires developers to set up a development environment including installing Java Development Kit (JDK), Android Studio, and other necessary tools. On the other hand, Expo provides a more streamlined development environment where developers can start building their apps without the need for complex setups.

2. Codebase Access: Android SDK allows developers to have direct access to the device's native APIs and features, giving them more control over the app's functionality and performance. Meanwhile, Expo offers a higher level of abstraction, limiting access to only a curated set of APIs. This trade-off allows for faster and cross-platform development but may restrict flexibility and access to specific device capabilities.

3. Native Module Support: Android SDK allows developers to leverage native modules or libraries written in Java or Kotlin for specific functionalities or performance optimizations. In contrast, Expo relies heavily on JavaScript-based libraries and does not support custom native modules by default. This can be a limitation for certain advanced features or integration scenarios requiring native code.

4. Publishing Apps: With Android SDK, developers need to go through a more involved process of signing and optimizing the app's APK before publishing to the Google Play Store. In contrast, Expo simplifies the app publishing process by providing a command-line interface (CLI) to handle code signing and APK generation, making it easier to distribute apps.

5. Over-the-Air Updates: Expo has a distinct advantage when it comes to over-the-air (OTA) updates. It provides a mechanism to remotely update apps without requiring users to manually download and install new versions from the app store. This allows for quicker bug fixes and feature updates, ensuring a smoother user experience. Android SDK, on the other hand, lacks built-in OTA update capabilities, requiring users to manually update the app through the app store.

6. Cross-platform Development: While Android SDK primarily focuses on developing native Android applications, Expo allows for cross-platform development. Expo is built on top of React Native, enabling developers to write a single codebase that can be deployed on both iOS and Android platforms. This significantly reduces the need for platform-specific code and accelerates the development process.

In summary, Android SDK provides more control and access to native capabilities but requires a more extensive setup and maintenance process. In contrast, Expo offers a streamlined development environment, easier app publishing, and cross-platform capabilities, but with limitations in terms of custom native module support and flexibility.