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Undertow vs nginx: What are the differences?

  1. The Architecture: Undertow is a lightweight web server that is built around a non-blocking I/O model, allowing it to efficiently handle thousands of concurrent connections with very low resource consumption. On the other hand, Nginx is also designed to handle a large number of simultaneous connections, but it uses an event-driven architecture that relies on asynchronous and event-driven processing, allowing it to efficiently serve static files and act as a reverse proxy for load balancing and caching.
  2. Configuration and Extensibility: Undertow uses a configuration file in XML format to define its settings and deployments, making it customizable and easy to manage. Nginx, on the other hand, uses a simple and readable configuration file written in its own scripting language that provides flexibility and extensibility to customize its behavior and integrate with other systems.
  3. SSL/TLS Support: Both Undertow and Nginx provide support for SSL/TLS encryption protocols to secure web communications. However, Nginx has built-in capabilities to handle SSL/TLS termination and certificate management, making it more suitable for handling HTTPS traffic without the need for additional components or configurations.
  4. HTTP/2 Support: Nginx has better native support for the HTTP/2 protocol, which brings significant performance improvements over the older HTTP/1.1 protocol. By contrast, Undertow requires additional configuration and modules to support HTTP/2, which may require more effort and expertise to set up and optimize.
  5. Embedded Mode: Undertow can be embedded within Java applications, allowing developers to create lightweight and self-contained web servers as part of their application deployments. On the other hand, Nginx is typically used as a standalone web server or a reverse proxy and does not have built-in capabilities for embedding within applications.
  6. Operating System Support: Nginx is a cross-platform web server that can run on a wide range of operating systems, including Windows, Linux, macOS, and various Unix flavors. Meanwhile, Undertow is primarily tailored for Java applications and is supported on Java Virtual Machines (JVMs) running on different platforms.

In summary, Undertow is a lightweight Java-based web server that excels in terms of performance and resource efficiency, while Nginx offers a versatile and highly customizable solution with better support for SSL/TLS, HTTP/2, and operating system diversity.

Advice on NGINX and Undertow

I am diving into web development, both front and back end. I feel comfortable with administration, scripting and moderate coding in bash, Python and C++, but I am also a Windows fan (i love inner conflict). What are the votes on web servers? IIS is expensive and restrictive (has Windows adoption of open source changed this?) Apache has the history but seems to be at the root of most of my Infosec issues, and I know nothing about nginx (is it too new to rely on?). And no, I don't know what I want to do on the web explicitly, but hosting and data storage (both cloud and tape) are possibilities. Ready, aim fire!

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Simon Aronsson
Developer Advocate at k6 / Load Impact · | 4 upvotes · 725.8K views
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I would pick nginx over both IIS and Apace HTTP Server any day. Combine it with docker, and as you grow maybe even traefik, and you'll have a really flexible solution for serving http content where you can take sites and projects up and down without effort, easily move it between systems and dont have to handle any dependencies on your actual local machine.

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From a StackShare Community member: "We are a LAMP shop currently focused on improving web performance for our customers. We have made many front-end optimizations and now we are considering replacing Apache with nginx. I was wondering if others saw a noticeable performance gain or any other benefits by switching."

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Replies (3)
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I use nginx because it is very light weight. Where Apache tries to include everything in the web server, nginx opts to have external programs/facilities take care of that so the web server can focus on efficiently serving web pages. While this can seem inefficient, it limits the number of new bugs found in the web server, which is the element that faces the client most directly.

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Leandro Barral
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I use nginx because its more flexible and easy to configure

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Christian Cwienk
Software Developer at SAP · | 1 upvotes · 691.3K views
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I use Apache HTTP Server because it's intuitive, comprehensive, well-documented, and just works

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Pros of NGINX
Pros of Undertow
  • 1.4K
    High-performance http server
  • 894
    Performance
  • 730
    Easy to configure
  • 607
    Open source
  • 530
    Load balancer
  • 289
    Free
  • 288
    Scalability
  • 226
    Web server
  • 175
    Simplicity
  • 136
    Easy setup
  • 30
    Content caching
  • 21
    Web Accelerator
  • 15
    Capability
  • 14
    Fast
  • 12
    High-latency
  • 12
    Predictability
  • 8
    Reverse Proxy
  • 7
    Supports http/2
  • 7
    The best of them
  • 5
    Great Community
  • 5
    Lots of Modules
  • 5
    Enterprise version
  • 4
    High perfomance proxy server
  • 3
    Embedded Lua scripting
  • 3
    Streaming media delivery
  • 3
    Streaming media
  • 3
    Reversy Proxy
  • 2
    Blash
  • 2
    GRPC-Web
  • 2
    Lightweight
  • 2
    Fast and easy to set up
  • 2
    Slim
  • 2
    saltstack
  • 1
    Virtual hosting
  • 1
    Narrow focus. Easy to configure. Fast
  • 1
    Along with Redis Cache its the Most superior
  • 1
    Ingress controller
  • 4
    Performance
  • 1
    Lower footprint

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Cons of NGINX
Cons of Undertow
  • 10
    Advanced features require subscription
  • 1
    Smaller community
  • 1
    Less known

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What is NGINX?

nginx [engine x] is an HTTP and reverse proxy server, as well as a mail proxy server, written by Igor Sysoev. According to Netcraft nginx served or proxied 30.46% of the top million busiest sites in Jan 2018.

What is Undertow?

It is a flexible performant web server written in java, providing both blocking and non-blocking API’s based on NIO. It has a composition based architecture that allows you to build a web server by combining small single purpose handlers. The gives you the flexibility to choose between a full Java EE servlet 4.0 container, or a low level non-blocking handler, to anything in between.

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What are some alternatives to NGINX and Undertow?
HAProxy
HAProxy (High Availability Proxy) is a free, very fast and reliable solution offering high availability, load balancing, and proxying for TCP and HTTP-based applications.
lighttpd
lighttpd has a very low memory footprint compared to other webservers and takes care of cpu-load. Its advanced feature-set (FastCGI, CGI, Auth, Output-Compression, URL-Rewriting and many more) make lighttpd the perfect webserver-software for every server that suffers load problems.
Traefik
A modern HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer that makes deploying microservices easy. Traefik integrates with your existing infrastructure components and configures itself automatically and dynamically.
Caddy
Caddy 2 is a powerful, enterprise-ready, open source web server with automatic HTTPS written in Go.
Envoy
Originally built at Lyft, Envoy is a high performance C++ distributed proxy designed for single services and applications, as well as a communication bus and “universal data plane” designed for large microservice “service mesh” architectures.
See all alternatives