bcrypt vs pbkdf2: What are the differences?

Introduction

When it comes to password hashing, bcrypt and pbkdf2 are popular cryptographic algorithms used for securely storing passwords in databases. Both algorithms have their unique characteristics and features that make them suitable for different use cases.

1. Key Difference: Complexity

bcrypt: Bcrypt is computationally expensive due to its adaptive hash algorithm, making it more secure against brute force attacks. pbkdf2: PBKDF2 is based on multiple iterations of a cryptographic hash function, making it less complex compared to bcrypt.

2. Key Difference: Speed

bcrypt: Bcrypt is slower in terms of hashing speed, which can be beneficial for security purposes. pbkdf2: PBKDF2 is relatively faster than bcrypt in terms of performance due to its simpler algorithm.

3. Key Difference: Length of Output

bcrypt: Bcrypt generates a fixed-length output of 60 characters, making it more predictable for storage and retrieval. pbkdf2: PBKDF2 allows for customization of the output length, providing flexibility in the storage of hashed passwords.

4. Key Difference: Vulnerabilities

bcrypt: Bcrypt is less susceptible to vulnerabilities such as rainbow table attacks due to its salted password hashing approach. pbkdf2: PBKDF2 may be more vulnerable to brute force attacks compared to bcrypt, especially if weak password policies are in place.

5. Key Difference: Adoption

bcrypt: Bcrypt is widely adopted by many organizations and frameworks for securing user passwords. pbkdf2: PBKDF2 is also commonly used in various systems and applications but may be considered less popular compared to bcrypt in some contexts.

6. Key Difference: Configuration Options

bcrypt: Bcrypt offers limited customization options, making it easier to implement but with less flexibility. pbkdf2: PBKDF2 provides more configuration options for fine-tuning the hashing process, allowing for specific security requirements to be met.

In Summary, bcrypt and pbkdf2 differ in complexity, speed, output length, vulnerabilities, adoption, and configuration options, making each algorithm suitable for different security needs and implementations.