HSQLDB vs MSSQL: What are the differences?

# Key Differences Between HSQLDB and MSSQL

HSQLDB and MSSQL are both popular database management systems used in the industry, but they have several key differences that set them apart. 

1. **Storage Capacity**: HSQLDB has a limited storage capacity compared to MSSQL. While HSQLDB is suitable for small to medium-sized databases, MSSQL can handle large volumes of data effectively due to its scalability and robust architecture.
2. **Transaction Management**: MSSQL offers more advanced transaction management features than HSQLDB. MSSQL supports advanced transaction isolation levels like Serializable, while HSQLDB has limited options for transaction management.
3. **Supported SQL Syntax**: MSSQL supports a wider range of SQL syntax and extensions compared to HSQLDB. This makes MSSQL more versatile and suitable for complex queries and operations that require advanced SQL functionality.
4. **Performance**: MSSQL is known for its superior performance capabilities compared to HSQLDB. MSSQL is optimized for high-performance data processing and can handle heavy workloads efficiently, making it a preferred choice for large enterprises with demanding database requirements.
5. **Cost**: MSSQL is a paid database management system, while HSQLDB is open-source and free to use. This cost difference can be a significant factor for organizations with budget constraints or those looking to minimize expenses on database software.
6. **Operating System Compatibility**: HSQLDB is platform-independent and can run on various operating systems, including Windows, Linux, and macOS. In contrast, MSSQL is primarily designed for Windows-based systems, although there are versions available for Linux as well.

In Summary, HSQLDB and MSSQL differ in terms of storage capacity, transaction management, supported SQL syntax, performance, cost, and operating system compatibility.