1. Storage Structure: The key difference between LiteDB and MariaDB lies in their storage structure. LiteDB is a NoSQL embedded database that stores data in a single data file, making it easy to distribute and deploy as a single file without any external dependencies. On the other hand, MariaDB is a relational database management system that uses traditional SQL tables and file structure for storing data.

2. Data Modeling: LiteDB supports a schema-less data model where you can store heterogeneous data in a single collection with variable document structure, similar to document-oriented databases. Unlike LiteDB, MariaDB follows a strict schema-based data model with predefined tables and relationships between them, allowing for strict data validation and standardized modeling.

3. Scalability: In terms of scalability, LiteDB is more suitable for small to medium-sized applications with low to moderate data volume. It lacks built-in support for distributed databases or sharding, limiting its ability to handle large-scale data processing and high traffic workloads. Conversely, MariaDB is designed to support enterprise-grade applications with a high level of scalability, offering built-in features like clustering, replication, and partitioning for efficient distribution and management of data across multiple nodes.

4. Query Language: LiteDB uses a simple and lightweight query language similar to JavaScript's LINQ syntax. It supports basic querying and filtering operations, but lacks some advanced features like JOIN operations and complex aggregations. On the other hand, MariaDB utilizes the standard SQL query language, providing a rich set of features including JOINs, subqueries, stored procedures, and triggers, making it more suitable for complex data manipulation and analysis.

5. Transaction Support: LiteDB supports simple transactional operations like document-level atomicity and ACID properties within a single collection. However, it does not support transactions across multiple collections or provide isolation levels. In contrast, MariaDB offers full transactional support with multi-statement transactions, allowing for atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability across multiple tables and complex operations.

6. Compatibility and Ecosystem: LiteDB is a .NET-based database, primarily targeting applications developed on the .NET platform. It has limited support for other programming languages and lacks a vast ecosystem compared to MariaDB. MariaDB, on the other hand, is a widely-used and highly popular open-source database that is compatible with various programming languages and has a large community support, extensive documentation, and integration with numerous third-party tools and frameworks.

In Summary, LiteDB is a lightweight, embedded NoSQL database with a simple storage structure and flexible data modeling capabilities, suitable for small to medium-scale applications. On the other hand, MariaDB is a scalable, feature-rich relational database management system with a strict schema-based model, advanced query language, transactional support, and a wide ecosystem, making it ideal for large-scale enterprise applications.