C++ vs Haskell vs Rust

Overview

C++

Stacks18.2K

Followers9.4K

Votes866

Haskell

Stacks1.4K

Followers1.2K

Votes527

Rust

Stacks6.1K

Followers5.0K

Votes1.2K

GitHub Stars107.6K

Forks13.9K

C++ vs Haskell vs Rust: What are the differences?

Memory Management: C++ requires manual memory management, where programmers need to allocate and free memory explicitly. In contrast, Haskell and Rust provide automatic memory management, reducing the risk of memory leaks and segmentation faults.
Type System: C++ has a static type system, which requires explicit type declarations for variables and functions. Haskell uses a strong, static type system with type inference, allowing for more concise code. Rust employs a strong, static type system with type inference and ownership rules, ensuring memory safety without sacrificing performance.
Concurrency and Parallelism: C++ lacks built-in support for safe and efficient concurrency and parallelism, often requiring the use of libraries like OpenMP or pthreads. Haskell, on the other hand, has built-in support for lightweight green threads and immutable data structures, making concurrent programming easier. Rust is designed to provide safe concurrency by enforcing ownership and borrowing rules at compile time, preventing data races.
Error Handling: C++ typically handles errors through error codes or exceptions, leading to potential runtime errors if not handled properly. Haskell emphasizes purity and immutability, avoiding side effects and errors related to mutable state. Rust uses the "Result" and "Option" types for error handling, ensuring safe and explicit error propagation.
Pattern Matching: C++ lacks native pattern matching capabilities, often leading to complex switch-case statements for conditional branching. Haskell excels in pattern matching, allowing for concise and readable code by matching data structures with specific patterns. Rust also supports pattern matching, enabling developers to destructure data and handle different cases with ease.
Community and Ecosystem: C++ has a large community and extensive library support due to its long-standing history as a popular language. Haskell has a strong academic and functional programming community, providing innovative solutions and libraries for complex problems. Rust has a growing community focused on systems programming and safety, offering tools and frameworks for developing secure and high-performance applications.

In Summary, the key differences between C++, Haskell, and Rust lie in memory management, type system, concurrency, error handling, pattern matching, and community support.

Share your Stack

Help developers discover the tools you use. Get visibility for your team's tech choices and contribute to the community's knowledge.

View Docs

CLI (Node.js)

Manual

Advice on C++, Haskell, Rust

Rachel

Nov 24, 2020

Needs adviceon

JavaScript

Python

C++

Hi, I'm just starting to learn code, and I stumbled upon this website. I think I should learn JavaScript, Python, and C++ to begin with. I'm a quick learner so I am only worried about what would be more useful. Suppose my goal is to build an online clothing store or something. Then what languages would be best? I need advice. Please help me out. I'm 13 and just beginning and it's hard to understand when people use technical terms so please keep it simple. Thanks a lot.

292k views292k

Comments

Johan

Jan 28, 2021

Decided

Context: Writing an open source CLI tool.

Go and Rust over Python: Simple distribution.

With Go and Rust, just build statically compiled binaries and hand them out.

With Python, have people install with "pip install --user" and not finding the binaries :(.

Go and Rust over Python: Startup and runtime performance

Go and Rust over Python: No need to worry about which Python interpreter version is installed on the users' machines.

Go over Rust: Simplicity; Rust's memory management comes at a development / maintenance cost.

Go over Rust: Easier cross compiles from macOS to Linux.

397k views397k

Comments

Xiang

Feb 23, 2021

Decided

Python has become the most popular language for machine learning right now since almost all machine learning tools provide service for this language, and it is really to use since it has many build-in objects like Hashtable. In C, you need to implement everything by yourself.

C++ is one of the most popular programming languages in graphics. It has many fancy libraries like eigen to help us process matrix. I have many previous projects about graphics based on C++ and this time, we also need to deal with graphics since we need to analyze movements of the human body. C++ has much more advantages than Java. C++ uses only compiler, whereas Java uses compiler and interpreter in both. C++ supports both operator overloading and method overloading whereas Java only supports method overloading. C++ supports manual object management with the help of new and delete keywords whereas Java has built-in automatic garbage collection.

381k views381k

Comments

Detailed Comparison

C++	Haskell	Rust
C++ compiles directly to a machine's native code, allowing it to be one of the fastest languages in the world, if optimized.	It is a general purpose language that can be used in any domain and use case, it is ideally suited for proprietary business logic and data analysis, fast prototyping and enhancing existing software environments with correct code, performance and scalability.	Rust is a systems programming language that combines strong compile-time correctness guarantees with fast performance. It improves upon the ideas of other systems languages like C++ by providing guaranteed memory safety (no crashes, no data races) and complete control over the lifecycle of memory.
-	Statically typed; Purely functional; Type inference; Concurrent	-
Statistics
GitHub Stars -	GitHub Stars -	GitHub Stars 107.6K
GitHub Forks -	GitHub Forks -	GitHub Forks 13.9K
Stacks 18.2K	Stacks 1.4K	Stacks 6.1K
Followers 9.4K	Followers 1.2K	Followers 5.0K
Votes 866	Votes 527	Votes 1.2K
Pros & Cons
Pros 206 Performance 108 Control over memory allocation 99 Cross-platform 98 Fast 85 Object oriented Cons 8 Unsafe 8 Slow compilation 6 Over-complicated 6 Fragile ABI 5 No standard/mainstream dependency management	Pros 90 Purely-functional programming 66 Statically typed 59 Type-safe 39 Open source 38 Great community Cons 9 Too much distraction in language extensions 8 Error messages can be very confusing 5 Libraries have poor documentation 3 No good ABI 3 No best practices	Pros 146 Guaranteed memory safety 133 Fast 89 Open source 75 Minimal runtime 73 Pattern matching Cons 28 Hard to learn 24 Ownership learning curve 12 Unfriendly, verbose syntax 4 Variable shadowing 4 No jobs

What are some alternatives to C++, Haskell, Rust?

JavaScript

JavaScript is most known as the scripting language for Web pages, but used in many non-browser environments as well such as node.js or Apache CouchDB. It is a prototype-based, multi-paradigm scripting language that is dynamic,and supports object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.

Python

Python is a general purpose programming language created by Guido Van Rossum. Python is most praised for its elegant syntax and readable code, if you are just beginning your programming career python suits you best.

PHP

Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world.

Ruby

Ruby is a language of careful balance. Its creator, Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto, blended parts of his favorite languages (Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, and Lisp) to form a new language that balanced functional programming with imperative programming.

Java

Java is a programming language and computing platform first released by Sun Microsystems in 1995. There are lots of applications and websites that will not work unless you have Java installed, and more are created every day. Java is fast, secure, and reliable. From laptops to datacenters, game consoles to scientific supercomputers, cell phones to the Internet, Java is everywhere!

Golang

Go is expressive, concise, clean, and efficient. Its concurrency mechanisms make it easy to write programs that get the most out of multicore and networked machines, while its novel type system enables flexible and modular program construction. Go compiles quickly to machine code yet has the convenience of garbage collection and the power of run-time reflection. It's a fast, statically typed, compiled language that feels like a dynamically typed, interpreted language.

HTML5

HTML5 is a core technology markup language of the Internet used for structuring and presenting content for the World Wide Web. As of October 2014 this is the final and complete fifth revision of the HTML standard of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The previous version, HTML 4, was standardised in 1997.

C#

C# (pronounced "See Sharp") is a simple, modern, object-oriented, and type-safe programming language. C# has its roots in the C family of languages and will be immediately familiar to C, C++, Java, and JavaScript programmers.

Scala

Scala is an acronym for “Scalable Language”. This means that Scala grows with you. You can play with it by typing one-line expressions and observing the results. But you can also rely on it for large mission critical systems, as many companies, including Twitter, LinkedIn, or Intel do. To some, Scala feels like a scripting language. Its syntax is concise and low ceremony; its types get out of the way because the compiler can infer them.

Elixir

Elixir leverages the Erlang VM, known for running low-latency, distributed and fault-tolerant systems, while also being successfully used in web development and the embedded software domain.

Related Comparisons

C++ vs Haskell vs Rust: What are the differences?

Memory Management: C++ requires manual memory management, where programmers need to allocate and free memory explicitly. In contrast, Haskell and Rust provide automatic memory management, reducing the risk of memory leaks and segmentation faults.
Type System: C++ has a static type system, which requires explicit type declarations for variables and functions. Haskell uses a strong, static type system with type inference, allowing for more concise code. Rust employs a strong, static type system with type inference and ownership rules, ensuring memory safety without sacrificing performance.
Concurrency and Parallelism: C++ lacks built-in support for safe and efficient concurrency and parallelism, often requiring the use of libraries like OpenMP or pthreads. Haskell, on the other hand, has built-in support for lightweight green threads and immutable data structures, making concurrent programming easier. Rust is designed to provide safe concurrency by enforcing ownership and borrowing rules at compile time, preventing data races.
Error Handling: C++ typically handles errors through error codes or exceptions, leading to potential runtime errors if not handled properly. Haskell emphasizes purity and immutability, avoiding side effects and errors related to mutable state. Rust uses the "Result" and "Option" types for error handling, ensuring safe and explicit error propagation.
Pattern Matching: C++ lacks native pattern matching capabilities, often leading to complex switch-case statements for conditional branching. Haskell excels in pattern matching, allowing for concise and readable code by matching data structures with specific patterns. Rust also supports pattern matching, enabling developers to destructure data and handle different cases with ease.
Community and Ecosystem: C++ has a large community and extensive library support due to its long-standing history as a popular language. Haskell has a strong academic and functional programming community, providing innovative solutions and libraries for complex problems. Rust has a growing community focused on systems programming and safety, offering tools and frameworks for developing secure and high-performance applications.

In Summary, the key differences between C++, Haskell, and Rust lie in memory management, type system, concurrency, error handling, pattern matching, and community support.

C++ vs Haskell vs Rust

Overview