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Flask vs Rust: What are the differences?
Introduction
Flask and Rust are two different programming languages that are used for different purposes. Flask is a micro web framework written in Python, while Rust is a systems programming language developed by Mozilla. While they serve different purposes, they have some key differences that set them apart from each other.
Language Paradigm: Flask is a dynamically-typed, high-level, interpreted language, while Rust is a statically-typed, systems programming language. Flask is designed for simplicity and ease of use, making it a popular choice for web development. Rust, on the other hand, focuses on performance, memory safety, and concurrency.
Memory Management: Flask provides automatic memory management through Python's garbage collector, which frees developers from managing memory manually. Rust, however, is a language that emphasizes control over memory, providing explicit memory management through ownership, borrowing, and lifetimes.
Concurrency: Flask is primarily designed for single-threaded applications, although it supports multi-threading through the use of multiple processes. Rust, on the other hand, has built-in support for concurrency, allowing developers to write efficient and safe concurrent code using its ownership and borrowing system.
Error Handling: Flask follows the traditional exception handling mechanism where exceptions can be raised and caught using try-catch blocks. Rust, on the other hand, uses its "Result" type for error handling. It enforces the programmer to handle errors explicitly, preventing unexpected errors from surfacing at runtime.
Package Ecosystem: Flask benefits from Python's extensive package ecosystem, which allows developers to leverage various libraries and frameworks to speed up development. Rust, being a relatively young language, has a growing ecosystem, but it may not have the same level of maturity and variety as Python.
Web Development Capabilities: Flask is specifically designed for web development, providing a minimalistic and easy-to-use framework. It supports the standard HTTP protocol and offers various tools and extensions to build web applications. Rust, while it can be used for web development, does not have the same level of tooling and libraries dedicated to web development as Flask.
In summary, Flask and Rust have several key differences. Flask is a high-level, dynamically-typed language that focuses on simplicity, ease of use, and web development, whereas Rust is a statically-typed, systems programming language that emphasizes performance, memory safety, and concurrent programming.
My journey to developing REST APIs started with Flask Restful, and I've found it to be enough for the needs of my project back then. Now that I've started investing more time on personal projects, I've yet to decide if I should move to use Django for writing REST APIs. I often see job posts looking for Python+Django developers, but it's usually for full-stack developers. I'm primarily interested in Data Engineering, so most of my web projects are back end.
Should I continue with what I know (Flask) or move on to Django?
If you want to be a Web developer with knowledge in another frontend and NoSql technology, maybe continue with Flask. However, if you want to create very fast solutions to grow up with a new business and merge these with data analysis and other tools, Django is the answer. Basically read more about the service architecture where you feel more comfortable, Microservice or Monolithic, but please will not married with any because they solve issues to different contexts.
So, I've been working with all 3 languages JavaScript, Python and Rust, I know that all of these languages are important in their own domain but, I haven't took any of it to the point where i could say I'm a pro at any of these languages. I learned JS and Python out of my own excitement, I learned rust for some IoT based projects. just confused which one i should invest my time in first... that does have Job and freelance potential in market as well...
I am an undergraduate in computer science. (3rd Year)
I would start focusing on Javascript because even working with Rust and Python, you're always going to encounter some Javascript for front-ends at least. It has: - more freelancing opportunities (starting to work short after a virus/crisis, that's gonna help) - can also do back-end if needed (I would personally avoid specializing in this since there's better languages for the back-end part) - hard to avoid. it's everywhere and not going away (well not yet)
Then, later, for back-end programming languages, Rust seems like your best bet. Its pros: - it's satisfying to work with (after the learning curve) - it's got potential to grow big in the next year (also with better paying jobs) - it's super versatile (you can do high-perf system stuff, graphics, ffi, as well as your classic api server) It comes with a few cons though: - it's harder to learn (expect to put in years) - the freelancing options are virtually non-existent (and I would expect them to stay limited, as rust is better for long-term software than prototypes)
I suggest you to go with JavaScript. From my perspective JavaScript is the language you should invest your time in. The community of javascript and lots of framework helps developer to build what they want to build in no time whether it a desktop, web, mobile based application or even you can use javascript as a backend as well. There are lot of frameworks you can start learning i suggest you to go with (react,vue) library both are easy to learn than angular which is a complete framework.
And if you want to go with python as a secondary tool then i suggest you to learn a python framework (Flask,Django).
Which is the best Python framework for microservices?
We are using Nameko for building microservices in Python. The things we really like are dependency injection and the ease with which one can expose endpoints via RPC over RabbitMQ. We are planning to try a tool that helps us write polyglot microservices and nameko is not super compatible with it. Also, we are a bit worried about the not so good community support from nameko and looking for a python alternate to write microservices.
Bottle is much less bloated and fast. Its built-in templating system is one of the fastest as it compiles the templates in bytecode. Also Bottle has no depenencies, preventing dependency bloat.
I have just started learning Python 3 weeks ago. I want to create a REST API using python. The API will be used to save form data in an Oracle database. The front end is using AngularJS 8 with Angular Material. In python, there are so many frameworks to develop REST APIs.
I am looking for some suggestions which REST framework to choose?
Here are some features I am looking for:
Easy integration and unit testing, like in Angular. We just want to run a command.
Code packaging, like in java maven project we can build and package. I am looking for something which I can push in as an artifact and deploy whole code as a package.
Support for swagger/ OpenAPI
Support for JSON Web Token
Support for test case coverage report
Framework can have features included or can be available by extension. Also, you can suggest a framework other than the ones I have mentioned.
For starters flask provides a beautiful and easy way to create REST APIs. Also its supported by excellent beginner docs as well as a very active community. Another good thing with Flask is its widely available list of plugins which allow you to build as you go. Its also good in performance and can scale to a quite decent level. However, if you are sure your project is going to be fairly big, it would be better to start with Django as it provides a lot of features out of the box and is extremely stable in performance. Both these frameworks have support for Swagger, JWT, Coverage Report although you have to install plugins for them. Deploying both of these are fairly simple and there is huge documentation available. Django has one of the best documentations I have come across. I hope I was able to answer your queries.
We have a lot of experience in JavaScript, writing our services in NodeJS allows developers to transition to the back end without any friction, without having to learn a new language. There is also the option to write services in TypeScript, which adds an expressive type layer. The semi-shared ecosystem between front and back end is nice as well, though specifically NodeJS libraries sometimes suffer in quality, compared to other major languages.
As for why we didn't pick the other languages, most of it comes down to "personal preference" and historically grown code bases, but let's do some post-hoc deduction:
Go is a practical choice, reasonably easy to learn, but until we find performance issues with our NodeJS stack, there is simply no reason to switch. The benefits of using NodeJS so far outweigh those of picking Go. This might change in the future.
PHP is a language we're still using in big parts of our system, and are still sometimes writing new code in. Modern PHP has fixed some of its issues, and probably has the fastest development cycle time, but it suffers around modelling complex asynchronous tasks, and (on a personal note) lack of support for writing in a functional style.
We don't use Python, Elixir or Ruby, mostly because of personal preference and for historic reasons.
Rust, though I personally love and use it in my projects, would require us to specifically hire for that, as the learning curve is quite steep. Its web ecosystem is OK by now (see https://www.arewewebyet.org/), but in my opinion, it is still no where near that of the other web languages. In other words, we are not willing to pay the price for playing this innovation card.
Haskell, as with Rust, I personally adore, but is simply too esoteric for us. There are problem domains where it shines, ours is not one of them.
I chose Golang as a language to write Tango because it's super easy to get started with. I also considered Rust, but learning curve of it is much higher than in Golang. I felt like I would need to spend an endless amount of time to even get the hello world app working in Rust. While easy to learn, Golang still shows good performance, multithreading out of the box and fun to implement.
I also could choose PHP and create a phar-based tool, but I was not sure that it would be a good choice as I want to scale to be able to process Gbs of access log data
Pros of Flask
- Flexibilty14
- For it flexibility10
- Flexibilty and easy to use9
- Flask8
- User friendly7
- Secured6
- Unopinionated5
- Orm3
- Secure2
- Beautiful code1
- Easy to get started1
- Easy to develop and maintain applications1
- Not JS1
- Easy to use1
- Documentation1
- Python1
- Minimal1
- Lightweight1
- Easy to setup and get it going1
- Perfect for small to large projects with superb docs.1
- Easy to integrate1
- Speed1
- Get started quickly1
- Customizable1
- Simple to use1
- Powerful1
- Rapid development1
- Open source0
- Well designed0
- Productive0
- Awesome0
- Expressive0
- Love it0
Pros of Rust
- Guaranteed memory safety143
- Fast130
- Open source87
- Minimal runtime75
- Pattern matching70
- Type inference63
- Algebraic data types56
- Concurrent56
- Efficient C bindings46
- Practical43
- Best advances in languages in 20 years37
- Safe, fast, easy + friendly community32
- Fix for C/C++30
- Stablity25
- Zero-cost abstractions24
- Closures23
- Great community20
- Extensive compiler checks20
- No NULL type18
- Async/await18
- Completely cross platform: Windows, Linux, Android15
- No Garbage Collection15
- Great documentations14
- High-performance14
- Super fast12
- Generics12
- High performance12
- Safety no runtime crashes11
- Guaranteed thread data race safety11
- Fearless concurrency11
- Macros11
- Compiler can generate Webassembly10
- Helpful compiler10
- Easy Deployment9
- RLS provides great IDE support9
- Prevents data races9
- Real multithreading8
- Painless dependency management8
- Good package management7
- Support on Other Languages5
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Cons of Flask
- Not JS10
- Context7
- Not fast5
- Don't has many module as in spring1
Cons of Rust
- Hard to learn26
- Ownership learning curve23
- Unfriendly, verbose syntax11
- Variable shadowing4
- High size of builded executable4
- Many type operations make it difficult to follow4
- No jobs3
- Use it only for timeoass not in production1
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