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  5. C++ vs Common Lisp vs JavaScript

C++ vs Common Lisp vs JavaScript

OverviewDecisionsComparisonAlternatives

Overview

C++
C++
Stacks18.2K
Followers9.4K
Votes866
JavaScript
JavaScript
Stacks392.3K
Followers284.0K
Votes8.1K
Common Lisp
Common Lisp
Stacks269
Followers255
Votes145

C++ vs Common Lisp vs JavaScript: What are the differences?

## Introduction
In this comparison, we will highlight the key differences between C++, Common Lisp, and JavaScript, focusing on specific aspects of each language.

1. **Type System**: C++ is a statically typed language, meaning variables must be declared with their types before they are used. Common Lisp, on the other hand, is a dynamically typed language where types are determined at runtime. JavaScript falls in between with weak type checking, allowing variables to change types during runtime.
   
2. **Memory Management**: C++ requires manual memory management with new and delete commands to allocate and deallocate memory. Common Lisp has automatic garbage collection, freeing the programmer from managing memory. JavaScript also has automatic memory management through its garbage collector, but limited control over memory allocation.
   
3. **Object-Oriented Programming**: C++ is primarily an object-oriented language, with support for classes and objects. Common Lisp is a multi-paradigm language, allowing object-oriented programming through the CLOS (Common Lisp Object System). JavaScript uses prototype-based object orientation, allowing objects to inherit directly from other objects.
   
4. **Functional Programming**: Common Lisp has strong support for functional programming paradigms, including higher-order functions and first-class functions. JavaScript also embraces functional programming concepts with functions as first-class citizens, but may not have the same depth of functional features as Common Lisp. C++ lacks native support for functional programming paradigms.
   
5. **Concurrency and Parallelism**: Common Lisp provides robust concurrency features through libraries like Bordeaux-Threads, allowing for multithreading and parallelism. JavaScript has asynchronous programming capabilities through event-driven APIs like Promises and Async/Await. C++ supports multithreading with the standard library, but lacks built-in support for higher-level concurrency constructs.
   
6. **Standard Libraries**: C++ comes with a rich standard library that includes data structures, algorithms, and input/output functionalities. Common Lisp has a comprehensive standard library with utilities for parsing, networking, and more. JavaScript has a standard library primarily focused on browser interactions, but lacks some functionalities found in C++ and Common Lisp.

In Summary, C++, Common Lisp, and JavaScript differ in their type systems, memory management, programming paradigms, concurrency support, and standard libraries.

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Advice on C++, JavaScript, Common Lisp

Andrew
Andrew

Chief Software Architect at Xelex Digital, LLC

Jun 27, 2020

Decided

In 2015 as Xelex Digital was paving a new technology path, moving from ASP.NET web services and web applications, we knew that we wanted to move to a more modular decoupled base of applications centered around REST APIs.

To that end we spent several months studying API design patterns and decided to use our own adaptation of CRUD, specifically a SCRUD pattern that elevates query params to a more central role via the Search action.

Once we nailed down the API design pattern it was time to decide what language(s) our new APIs would be built upon. Our team has always been driven by the right tool for the job rather than what we know best. That said, in balancing practicality we chose to focus on 3 options that our team had deep experience with and knew the pros and cons of.

For us it came down to C#, JavaScript, and Ruby. At the time we owned our infrastructure, racks in cages, that were all loaded with Windows. We were also at a point that we were using that infrastructure to it's fullest and could not afford additional servers running Linux. That's a long way of saying we decided against Ruby as it doesn't play nice on Windows.

That left us with two options. We went a very unconventional route for deciding between the two. We built MVP APIs on both. The interfaces were identical and interchangeable. What we found was easily quantifiable differences.

We were able to iterate on our Node based APIs much more rapidly than we were our C# APIs. For us this was owed to the community coupled with the extremely dynamic nature of JS. There were tradeoffs we considered, latency was (acceptably) higher on requests to our Node APIs. No strong types to protect us from ourselves, but we've rarely found that to be an issue.

As such we decided to commit resources to our Node APIs and push it out as the core brain of our new system. We haven't looked back since. It has consistently met our needs, scaling with us, getting better with time as continually pour into and expand our capabilities.

447k views447k
Comments
Muhamed
Muhamed

Apr 28, 2020

Needs adviceonPythonPythonJavaScriptJavaScriptDjangoDjango

I am currently learning web development with Python and JavaScript course by CS50 Harvard university. It covers python, Flask, Django, SQL, Travis CI, javascript,HTML ,CSS and more. I am very interested in Flutter app development. Can I know what is the difference between learning these above-mentioned frameworks vs learning flutter directly? I am planning to learn flutter so that I can do both web development and app development. Are there any perks of learning these frameworks before flutter?

737k views737k
Comments
Abdul
Abdul

Jun 22, 2020

Needs adviceonJavaScriptJavaScriptPythonPythonRustRust

So, I've been working with all 3 languages JavaScript, Python and Rust, I know that all of these languages are important in their own domain but, I haven't took any of it to the point where i could say I'm a pro at any of these languages. I learned JS and Python out of my own excitement, I learned rust for some IoT based projects. just confused which one i should invest my time in first... that does have Job and freelance potential in market as well...

I am an undergraduate in computer science. (3rd Year)

655k views655k
Comments

Detailed Comparison

C++
C++
JavaScript
JavaScript
Common Lisp
Common Lisp

C++ compiles directly to a machine's native code, allowing it to be one of the fastest languages in the world, if optimized.

JavaScript is most known as the scripting language for Web pages, but used in many non-browser environments as well such as node.js or Apache CouchDB. It is a prototype-based, multi-paradigm scripting language that is dynamic,and supports object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.

Lisp was originally created as a practical mathematical notation for computer programs, influenced by the notation of Alonzo Church's lambda calculus. It quickly became the favored programming language for artificial intelligence (AI) research. As one of the earliest programming languages, Lisp pioneered many ideas in computer science, including tree data structures, automatic storage management, dynamic typing, conditionals, higher-order functions, recursion, and the self-hosting compiler. [source: wikipedia]

Statistics
Stacks
18.2K
Stacks
392.3K
Stacks
269
Followers
9.4K
Followers
284.0K
Followers
255
Votes
866
Votes
8.1K
Votes
145
Pros & Cons
Pros
  • 206
    Performance
  • 108
    Control over memory allocation
  • 99
    Cross-platform
  • 98
    Fast
  • 85
    Object oriented
Cons
  • 8
    Unsafe
  • 8
    Slow compilation
  • 6
    Fragile ABI
  • 6
    Over-complicated
  • 5
    No standard/mainstream dependency management
Pros
  • 1671
    Can be used on frontend/backend
  • 1497
    It's everywhere
  • 1163
    Lots of great frameworks
  • 899
    Fast
  • 746
    Light weight
Cons
  • 24
    A constant moving target, too much churn
  • 20
    Horribly inconsistent
  • 16
    Javascript is the New PHP
  • 9
    No ability to monitor memory utilitization
  • 8
    Shows Zero output in case of ANY error
Pros
  • 24
    Flexibility
  • 22
    High-performance
  • 17
    Comfortable: garbage collection, closures, macros, REPL
  • 13
    Stable
  • 12
    Lisp
Cons
  • 4
    Too many Parentheses
  • 3
    Standard did not evolve since 1994
  • 2
    Small library ecosystem
  • 2
    No hygienic macros
  • 1
    Inadequate community infrastructure

What are some alternatives to C++, JavaScript, Common Lisp?

Python

Python

Python is a general purpose programming language created by Guido Van Rossum. Python is most praised for its elegant syntax and readable code, if you are just beginning your programming career python suits you best.

PHP

PHP

Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world.

Ruby

Ruby

Ruby is a language of careful balance. Its creator, Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto, blended parts of his favorite languages (Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, and Lisp) to form a new language that balanced functional programming with imperative programming.

Java

Java

Java is a programming language and computing platform first released by Sun Microsystems in 1995. There are lots of applications and websites that will not work unless you have Java installed, and more are created every day. Java is fast, secure, and reliable. From laptops to datacenters, game consoles to scientific supercomputers, cell phones to the Internet, Java is everywhere!

Golang

Golang

Go is expressive, concise, clean, and efficient. Its concurrency mechanisms make it easy to write programs that get the most out of multicore and networked machines, while its novel type system enables flexible and modular program construction. Go compiles quickly to machine code yet has the convenience of garbage collection and the power of run-time reflection. It's a fast, statically typed, compiled language that feels like a dynamically typed, interpreted language.

HTML5

HTML5

HTML5 is a core technology markup language of the Internet used for structuring and presenting content for the World Wide Web. As of October 2014 this is the final and complete fifth revision of the HTML standard of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The previous version, HTML 4, was standardised in 1997.

C#

C#

C# (pronounced "See Sharp") is a simple, modern, object-oriented, and type-safe programming language. C# has its roots in the C family of languages and will be immediately familiar to C, C++, Java, and JavaScript programmers.

Scala

Scala

Scala is an acronym for “Scalable Language”. This means that Scala grows with you. You can play with it by typing one-line expressions and observing the results. But you can also rely on it for large mission critical systems, as many companies, including Twitter, LinkedIn, or Intel do. To some, Scala feels like a scripting language. Its syntax is concise and low ceremony; its types get out of the way because the compiler can infer them.

Elixir

Elixir

Elixir leverages the Erlang VM, known for running low-latency, distributed and fault-tolerant systems, while also being successfully used in web development and the embedded software domain.

Swift

Swift

Writing code is interactive and fun, the syntax is concise yet expressive, and apps run lightning-fast. Swift is ready for your next iOS and OS X project — or for addition into your current app — because Swift code works side-by-side with Objective-C.

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