Haskell vs TypeScript

Overview

Haskell

Stacks1.4K

Followers1.2K

Votes527

TypeScript

Stacks105.1K

Followers74.2K

Votes503

GitHub Stars106.6K

Forks13.1K

Haskell vs TypeScript: What are the differences?

## Introduction
Haskell and TypeScript are two popular programming languages with distinct features and characteristics. Below are the key differences between the two languages.

1. **Type System**: Haskell is a statically typed language that uses type inference to determine types at compile time, leading to reliable and secure code. In contrast, TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript that provides optional static typing, enabling developers to catch errors early and improve code quality without sacrificing the dynamic nature of JavaScript. 
   
2. **Functional vs Object-Oriented**: Haskell is a purely functional programming language, emphasizing immutable data and higher-order functions, while TypeScript supports both functional and object-oriented programming paradigms, allowing developers to choose the approach that best suits their project requirements.

3. **Concurrency Model**: Haskell utilizes lightweight, software-based threads called "green threads" managed by the runtime system for concurrent programming, whereas TypeScript relies on asynchronous programming with callbacks, promises, or async/await syntax for handling concurrency and I/O operations.

4. **Tooling and Ecosystem**: Haskell has a robust type system and powerful language features, but its tooling and ecosystem are sometimes considered less mature compared to TypeScript, which benefits from the extensive JavaScript ecosystem, including popular libraries, frameworks, and tools like npm and TypeScript compiler.

5. **Community and Adoption**: Haskell has a smaller but dedicated community of functional programming enthusiasts and is often preferred for academic research and projects requiring strong type guarantees. In contrast, TypeScript has gained widespread adoption in the industry, especially for large-scale web applications, due to its seamless integration with JavaScript and support for gradual typing.

6. **Performance and Optimization**: Haskell, being a compiled language with strict type checks, can often optimize code for better performance, while TypeScript, typically transpiled to JavaScript, relies on the underlying JavaScript engine for optimization, which may result in variable performance depending on the target runtime environment.

In Summary, Haskell and TypeScript differ in their type systems, programming paradigms, concurrency models, tooling/ecosystems, community/adoption rates, and performance characteristics.

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CLI (Node.js)

Manual

Advice on Haskell, TypeScript

Peter

May 17, 2019

Reviewon

TypeScript

I use TypeScript because:

incredible developer tooling and community support
actively developed and supported by Microsoft (yes, I like Microsoft) ;)
easier to make sense of a TS codebase because the annotations provide so much more context than plain JS
refactors become easier (VSCode has superb support for TS)

I've switched back and forth between TS and Flow and decided a year ago to abandon Flow completely in favor of TS. I don't want to bash Flow, however, my main grievances are very poor tooling (editor integration leaves much to be desired), a slower release cycle, and subpar docs and community support.

135k views135k

Comments

Jarvis

May 16, 2019

Reviewon

TypeScript

Flow (JS)

I use TypeScript because it isn't just about validating the types I'm expecting to receive though that is a huge part of it too. Flow (JS) seems to be a type system only. TypeScript also allows you to use the latest features of JavaScript while also providing the type checking. To be fair to Flow (JS), I have not used it, but likely wouldn't have due to the additional features I get from TypeScript.

168k views168k

Comments

David

VP Engineering at Trolley

May 16, 2019

Reviewon

JavaScript

Flow (JS)

TypeScript

We originally (in 2017) started rewriting our platform from JavaScript to Flow (JS) but found the library support for Flow was lacking. After switching gears to TypeScript we've never looked back. At this point we're finding that frontend and backend libraries are supporting TypeScript out of the box and where the support is missing that the commuity is typically got a solution in hand.

173k views173k

Comments

Detailed Comparison

Haskell	TypeScript
It is a general purpose language that can be used in any domain and use case, it is ideally suited for proprietary business logic and data analysis, fast prototyping and enhancing existing software environments with correct code, performance and scalability.	TypeScript is a language for application-scale JavaScript development. It's a typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript.
Statically typed; Purely functional; Type inference; Concurrent	-
Statistics
GitHub Stars -	GitHub Stars 106.6K
GitHub Forks -	GitHub Forks 13.1K
Stacks 1.4K	Stacks 105.1K
Followers 1.2K	Followers 74.2K
Votes 527	Votes 503
Pros & Cons
Pros 90 Purely-functional programming 66 Statically typed 59 Type-safe 39 Open source 38 Great community Cons 9 Too much distraction in language extensions 8 Error messages can be very confusing 5 Libraries have poor documentation 3 No best practices 3 No good ABI	Pros 173 More intuitive and type safe javascript 105 Type safe 80 JavaScript superset 48 The best AltJS ever 27 Best AltJS for BackEnd Cons 5 Code may look heavy and confusing 4 Hype

What are some alternatives to Haskell, TypeScript?

JavaScript

JavaScript is most known as the scripting language for Web pages, but used in many non-browser environments as well such as node.js or Apache CouchDB. It is a prototype-based, multi-paradigm scripting language that is dynamic,and supports object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.

Python

Python is a general purpose programming language created by Guido Van Rossum. Python is most praised for its elegant syntax and readable code, if you are just beginning your programming career python suits you best.

PHP

Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world.

Ruby

Ruby is a language of careful balance. Its creator, Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto, blended parts of his favorite languages (Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, and Lisp) to form a new language that balanced functional programming with imperative programming.

Java

Java is a programming language and computing platform first released by Sun Microsystems in 1995. There are lots of applications and websites that will not work unless you have Java installed, and more are created every day. Java is fast, secure, and reliable. From laptops to datacenters, game consoles to scientific supercomputers, cell phones to the Internet, Java is everywhere!

Golang

Go is expressive, concise, clean, and efficient. Its concurrency mechanisms make it easy to write programs that get the most out of multicore and networked machines, while its novel type system enables flexible and modular program construction. Go compiles quickly to machine code yet has the convenience of garbage collection and the power of run-time reflection. It's a fast, statically typed, compiled language that feels like a dynamically typed, interpreted language.

HTML5

HTML5 is a core technology markup language of the Internet used for structuring and presenting content for the World Wide Web. As of October 2014 this is the final and complete fifth revision of the HTML standard of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The previous version, HTML 4, was standardised in 1997.

C#

C# (pronounced "See Sharp") is a simple, modern, object-oriented, and type-safe programming language. C# has its roots in the C family of languages and will be immediately familiar to C, C++, Java, and JavaScript programmers.

Scala

Scala is an acronym for “Scalable Language”. This means that Scala grows with you. You can play with it by typing one-line expressions and observing the results. But you can also rely on it for large mission critical systems, as many companies, including Twitter, LinkedIn, or Intel do. To some, Scala feels like a scripting language. Its syntax is concise and low ceremony; its types get out of the way because the compiler can infer them.

Elixir

Elixir leverages the Erlang VM, known for running low-latency, distributed and fault-tolerant systems, while also being successfully used in web development and the embedded software domain.

Related Comparisons

Haskell vs TypeScript: What are the differences?

## Introduction
Haskell and TypeScript are two popular programming languages with distinct features and characteristics. Below are the key differences between the two languages.

1. **Type System**: Haskell is a statically typed language that uses type inference to determine types at compile time, leading to reliable and secure code. In contrast, TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript that provides optional static typing, enabling developers to catch errors early and improve code quality without sacrificing the dynamic nature of JavaScript. 
   
2. **Functional vs Object-Oriented**: Haskell is a purely functional programming language, emphasizing immutable data and higher-order functions, while TypeScript supports both functional and object-oriented programming paradigms, allowing developers to choose the approach that best suits their project requirements.

3. **Concurrency Model**: Haskell utilizes lightweight, software-based threads called "green threads" managed by the runtime system for concurrent programming, whereas TypeScript relies on asynchronous programming with callbacks, promises, or async/await syntax for handling concurrency and I/O operations.

4. **Tooling and Ecosystem**: Haskell has a robust type system and powerful language features, but its tooling and ecosystem are sometimes considered less mature compared to TypeScript, which benefits from the extensive JavaScript ecosystem, including popular libraries, frameworks, and tools like npm and TypeScript compiler.

5. **Community and Adoption**: Haskell has a smaller but dedicated community of functional programming enthusiasts and is often preferred for academic research and projects requiring strong type guarantees. In contrast, TypeScript has gained widespread adoption in the industry, especially for large-scale web applications, due to its seamless integration with JavaScript and support for gradual typing.

6. **Performance and Optimization**: Haskell, being a compiled language with strict type checks, can often optimize code for better performance, while TypeScript, typically transpiled to JavaScript, relies on the underlying JavaScript engine for optimization, which may result in variable performance depending on the target runtime environment.

In Summary, Haskell and TypeScript differ in their type systems, programming paradigms, concurrency models, tooling/ecosystems, community/adoption rates, and performance characteristics.

Haskell vs TypeScript

Overview