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Apache Maven vs Yarn: What are the differences?
Apache Maven and Yarn are both widely used build management and dependency management tools in the software development industry. While they serve similar purposes, there are key differences between them that set them apart.
Dependency Management: Apache Maven focuses on centralized dependency management using a Project Object Model (POM) that defines all the dependencies and their versions in a single file. It allows for transitive dependency resolution, ensuring that all required dependencies are included. In contrast, Yarn is primarily a package manager for JavaScript and manages dependencies at the package level. It creates a lock file that ensures consistent package versions across different development environments.
Language and Ecosystem: Maven is primarily designed for Java projects and works seamlessly with the Java ecosystem. It provides extensive support for building, testing, and deploying Java applications. Additionally, it has a large repository of plugins and libraries specifically for Java development. On the other hand, Yarn is designed for JavaScript projects and is commonly used in conjunction with Node.js. It leverages the npm registry to manage JavaScript packages and is well-integrated with the JavaScript ecosystem.
Build Configuration: Maven uses an XML-based configuration format, where the build process is defined in the POM file. This allows developers to easily customize the build lifecycle and specify various phases and goals. Yarn, on the other hand, uses a declarative configuration format with a JSON file called "package.json". The build configuration is defined using scripts, allowing developers to define custom scripts for different build tasks.
Performance and Scalability: Apache Maven has been around for a longer time and has a mature ecosystem. It can handle large-scale projects with a large number of dependencies and plugins. However, the build process can sometimes be slower due to its centralized approach and XML configuration. Yarn, being more focused on JavaScript development, is optimized for performance and is known for its faster dependency resolution and installation. It is specifically designed to handle large-scale JavaScript projects efficiently.
Integration with Build Systems: Maven is tightly integrated with the Apache Ant build system. It can inherit and extend Ant tasks for a more flexible build environment. Additionally, it can integrate with continuous integration tools like Jenkins, making it easy to automate the build process. Yarn, on the other hand, is designed to work seamlessly with the npm package manager and build tools like webpack. It integrates well with modern front-end development workflows and can be easily integrated into the JavaScript build pipeline.
Community Adoption and Support: Maven has been widely adopted in the Java community and has a large user base. It has a rich documentation base, extensive online resources, and active community support. Many plugins and libraries are available for various development tasks. Yarn, being a relatively newer tool, has gained significant adoption in the JavaScript community, especially with the rise of Node.js. It has an active open-source community, and support is continuously improving as more developers adopt it.
In summary, Apache Maven and Yarn serve different purposes in the development ecosystem. Maven focuses on centralized dependency management and is primarily used for Java projects, while Yarn excels in managing packages and is commonly used for JavaScript projects.
From a StackShare Community member: “I’m a freelance web developer (I mostly use Node.js) and for future projects I’m debating between npm or Yarn as my default package manager. I’m a minimalist so I hate installing software if I don’t need to- in this case that would be Yarn. For those who made the switch from npm to Yarn, what benefits have you noticed? For those who stuck with npm, are you happy you with it?"
We use Yarn because it allows us to more simply manage our node_modules. It also simplifies commands and increases speed when installing modules. Our teams module download time was cut in half after switching from NPM to Yarn. We now require all employees to use Yarn (to prevent errors with package-lock.json and yarn.lock).
I use npm since new version is pretty fast as well (Yarn may be still faster a bit but the difference isn't huge). No need for other dependency and mainly Yarn sometimes do not work. Sometimes when I want to install project dependencies I got error using Yarn but with npm everything is installed correctly.
p.s.
I am not sure about the performance of the latest version of npm, whether it is different from my understanding of it below. Because I use npm very rarely when I had the following knowledge.
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I use Yarn because, first, yarn is the first tool to lock the version. Second, although npm also supports the lock version, when you use npm to lock the version, and then use package-lock.json on other systems, package-lock.json Will be modified. You understand what I mean, when you deploy projects based on Git...
I use npm because I also mainly use React and TypeScript. Since several typings (from DefinitelyTyped) depend on the React typings, Yarn tends to mess up which leads to duplicate libraries present (different versions of the same type definition), which hinders the Typescript compiler. Npm always resolves to a single version per transitive dependency. At least that's my experience with both.
As far as I know Yarn is a super module of NPM. But it still needs npm to run.
Yarn was developed by Facebook's guys to fix some npm issues and performance.
If you use the last version of npm most of this problem does not exist anymore.
You can choose the option which makes you more confortable. I like using yarn because I'm used to it.
In the end the packages will be the same. Just try both and choose the one you feel more confortable. :)
I am a minimalist too. I once had issues with installing Nuxt.js using NPM so I had to install Yarn but I also found that the Dev experience was much better
I use npm because its packaged with node installation and handles npm tokens in CI/CD tools for private packages/libraries.
We tend to stick to npm, yarn is only a fancy alternative, not 10x better. Using a self -hosted private repository (via sinopia/npm-mirror) make package locking (mostly) pointless.
Yarn made it painless for the team to sync on versions of packages that we use on the project <3
I use Yarn because it outputs nice progress messages with cute emoji and installs packages quickly if the package is cached. Also, Yarn creates yarn.lock
file which makes the developer use the consistent environment.
I use npm because its the official package manager for Node. It's reliability, security and speed has increased over time so the battle is over!
I use Yarn because it process my dependencies way faster, predictable deps resolution order, upgrade-interactive is very handy + some Yarn specific features (workspaces, Plug’n’Play alternative installation strategy) ...
I use npm because it has a lot of community support and the performance difference with alternative tool is not so significant for me.
You should use whichever had the best DX (developer experience) for your team. If you are doing a massive front-end project, consider yarn if not only because it makes it a snap to go from zero to ready. What some people say about npm
being more stable or easier for smaller projects is highly true as well. (not to mention, you sometimes have to install yarn) But, note that official NodeJS Docker images ship with both npm and yarn. If you want to use yarn, put package-lock=false
and optionally save-exact=true
in your project's .npmrc
file. Compare whether you prefer the ergonomics of yarn global add
over npm install -g
or see fewer meaningless warnings for the specific set of dependencies you leverage.
As we have to build the application for many different TV platforms we want to split the application logic from the device/platform specific code. Previously we had different repositories and it was very hard to keep the development process when changes were done in multiple repositories, as we had to synchronize code reviews as well as merging and then updating the dependencies of projects. This issues would be even more critical when building the project from scratch what we did at Joyn. Therefor to keep all code in one place, at the same time keeping in separated in different modules we decided to give a try to monorepo. First we tried out lerna which was fine at the beginning, but later along the way we had issues with adding new dependencies which came out of the blue and were not easy to fix. Next round of evolution was yarn workspaces, we are still using it and are pretty happy with dev experience it provides. And one more advantage we got when switched to yarn workspaces that we also switched from npm to yarn what improved the state of the lock file a lot, because with npm package-lock file was updated every time you run npm install
, frequent updates of package-lock file were causing very often merge conflicts. So right now we not just having faster dependencies installation time but also no conflicts coming from lock file.
This was no real choice - we switched the moment Yarn was available, and never looked back. Yarn is the only reasonable frontend package manager that's actually being developed. They even aim to heal the node_modules madness with v2! Npm is just copying its ideas on top of introducing massive bugs with every change.
Pros of Apache Maven
- Dependency management138
- Necessary evil70
- I’d rather code my app, not my build60
- Publishing packaged artifacts48
- Convention over configuration43
- Modularisation18
- Consistency across builds11
- Prevents overengineering using scripting6
- Runs Tests4
- Lot of cool plugins4
- Extensible3
- Hard to customize2
- Runs on Linux2
- Runs on OS X1
- Slow incremental build1
- Inconsistent buillds1
- Undeterminisc1
- Good IDE tooling1
Pros of Yarn
- Incredibly fast85
- Easy to use22
- Open Source13
- Can install any npm package11
- Works where npm fails8
- Workspaces7
- Incomplete to run tasks3
- Fast2
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Cons of Apache Maven
- Complex6
- Inconsistent buillds1
- Not many plugin-alternatives0
Cons of Yarn
- 16
- Sends data to facebook7
- Should be installed separately4
- Cannot publish to registry other than npm3