It's possible by using the webview plugin.
I wouldn't recommend you to use Vue.js nor React.js as it would be too overblown if what you want to do is a videogame, if that's not the case then use React native for mobiles or NWjs/Electron with whatever frontend framework (maybe give it a try with Vue?) but do not use Unity 3D.
I imagine you know how to do frontend by the questions you asked, so for videogames vanilla CSS is the best. And if you aren't handy with CSS you can always use Bootstrap or Tailwind.
It sounds possible with a webview applied on top of the Unity display, and I am a Vue fan, although React would be lighter for a case like this, still I agree with Luan that if you just want to render buttons etc, then you probably should skip the framework as that would just add weight to the project. You could probably have static HTML "pages" as overlays without any components, just some JS for interaction and CSS for styling. There are several webview plugins that provide HTML on top of Unity (e.g. https://uniwebview.com/ ) and also some that provide webviews within Unity (e.g. https://developer.vuplex.com/webview/overview ) but it sounds like you're looking for the ability to overlay UI on top of the Unity render (so the former not the latter). Good luck, this sounds like an interesting project.
