1. Execution Model: One of the key differences between Airflow and Serverless is their execution model. Airflow follows a scheduled batch processing model, where tasks are executed based on a predefined schedule or trigger. On the other hand, Serverless follows an event-driven model, where tasks are executed in response to specific events or triggers, such as an incoming request or a data change.

2. Scaling: Airflow requires manual scaling when the workload increases or decreases. The infrastructure needs to be provisioned and managed accordingly to handle the workload efficiently. In contrast, Serverless automatically scales up or down based on the incoming workload. This allows for better resource utilization and cost-efficiency, as resources are allocated on-demand.

3. Deployment Flexibility: Airflow requires setting up and managing the infrastructure, including servers, databases, and dependencies. It provides more control and flexibility, as you can choose the deployment environment based on your specific requirements. On the other hand, Serverless abstracts away the infrastructure management and provides a simplified deployment model. You can focus on writing and deploying code without worrying about the underlying infrastructure setup.

4. Cost Model: Airflow follows a fixed-cost model, where you need to provision and pay for the infrastructure even when it is not in use. This can result in higher operational costs if the workload is intermittent or varies significantly. Serverless follows a pay-per-use model, where you are billed only for the actual execution time and resources consumed during the task execution. This can lead to cost savings, especially for sporadic workloads with varying resource requirements.

5. Resource Management: Airflow requires manual resource allocation and management, as you need to provision and manage the infrastructure resources based on the expected workload. In Serverless, resource management is abstracted away, and the cloud provider automatically allocates and manages resources based on the incoming workload. This simplifies resource management and allows you to focus on the core tasks.

6. Development Complexity: Airflow workflows are defined using code, which requires programming skills and experience. It provides flexibility and customization options but has a steeper learning curve. Serverless workflows, on the other hand, can be defined using declarative configurations or low-code/no-code platforms. This reduces the development complexity, making it more accessible to non-programmers.

In Summary, Airflow and Serverless differ in their execution model, scaling capabilities, deployment flexibility, cost model, resource management, and development complexity, making them suitable for different workflow management requirements.