1. Error Handling: One major difference between axios and jQuery is their approach to error handling. Axios provides a built-in way to handle errors through the use of interceptors. Interceptors allow you to globally intercept and handle errors, making error handling easier and more centralized. On the other hand, jQuery requires you to handle errors manually by using the .fail() method or by checking the status code in the $.ajax() method.

2. Promises vs Callbacks: Axios primarily uses promises for handling asynchronous operations, while jQuery typically relies on callbacks. Promises offer a more modern and cleaner syntax for handling asynchronous operations, making the code easier to read and maintain. With promises, you can use methods like .then() and .catch() to handle success and error cases respectively. In contrast, jQuery utilizes callback functions for similar purposes, which can result in more complex and nested code.

3. Size and Performance: jQuery is a larger library compared to axios, as it encompasses various other features like DOM manipulation, event handling, and animations. This larger size can affect the overall performance of an application, especially if these additional features are not needed. Axios, on the other hand, is a leaner library that is solely focused on making HTTP requests, resulting in better performance.

4. Syntax and Ease of Use: Axios provides a more modern and intuitive syntax for making HTTP requests. It follows the promises-based approach, allowing you to chain methods and handle responses in a more readable and efficient manner. On the other hand, jQuery uses its own unique syntax for making AJAX requests, which can be more familiar to developers already using jQuery in their projects. However, for developers who are not familiar with jQuery, the syntax can be a bit overwhelming and less intuitive.

5. Compatibility and Browser Support: Another important difference between axios and jQuery is their compatibility and browser support. Axios is designed to work in all modern browsers, as well as in environments like Node.js. It also supports features like CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) by default. On the other hand, jQuery has historically been known for its excellent browser compatibility and support for older browsers. However, as modern browsers have become more capable, jQuery's widespread usage has declined, and many developers now prefer using libraries like axios for HTTP requests.

6. Community and Maintenance: Axios has gained significant popularity and has a large and active community of developers who actively contribute to its development and maintenance. This means that any issues or bugs are quickly addressed and new features are regularly added. In contrast, while jQuery still has a substantial user base, its community and maintenance efforts have somewhat declined over the years due to the rise of newer libraries and frameworks.

In Summary, axios and jQuery differ in their error handling approach, their use of promises versus callbacks, their size and performance, syntax and ease of use, compatibility and browser support, and the availability of community and maintenance efforts. Overall, axios provides a more modern and efficient way of making HTTP requests, while jQuery offers a more familiar syntax for developers already using it in their projects.