1. Deployment Environment: Bamboo is a continuous integration and deployment tool that focuses on automating the build and release process. It primarily targets deploying applications to various environments. Docker Compose, on the other hand, is a tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications. It focuses on managing containers and their interactions within a single host environment.

2. Architecture: Bamboo is more suitable for applications that require deployment to multiple servers with various configurations. It supports connecting to different types of servers and executing deployment tasks. Docker Compose, however, is designed for development environments where multiple containers need to be managed together. It simplifies the process of running applications with multiple interconnected services locally.

3. Resource Isolation: In Bamboo, the level of isolation provided between different deployment environments is primarily dependent on how users configure the servers and agent pools. Docker Compose, on the other hand, provides containerization, which offers a higher level of resource isolation between services running within the same host environment. Each service can have its own resources and dependencies encapsulated within a container.

4. Scalability: Bamboo supports scaling up by adding more agents to distribute build and deployment tasks across multiple machines. It enables parallel execution of tasks to improve efficiency. Docker Compose allows scalability through the concept of services, where multiple instances of a service can be run to handle increased workload. It simplifies the process of scaling individual components of an application.

5. Portability: Bamboo is more tied to the Atlassian ecosystem, making it easier to integrate with other Atlassian tools like Jira and Bitbucket. While it provides versatility within this ecosystem, it may be less portable to non-Atlassian environments. Docker Compose, being built on Docker technology, offers higher portability as containers can be run on any host with Docker support. This makes it more agnostic to specific ecosystems.

6. Development Environment Dependency: Bamboo does not focus on managing the development environment itself, instead emphasizing the build and deployment processes. Docker Compose, however, assists in creating a consistent development environment for developers by defining the services needed for an application in a docker-compose.yml file. It helps in ensuring that the development environment matches the production setup more closely.

In Summary, Key differences between Bamboo and Docker Compose lie in their focus on deployment environments, architecture, resource isolation, scalability, portability, and development environment dependency.