Java vs JavaScript vs Python: What are the differences?

Introduction

In this article, we will explore the key differences between Java, JavaScript, and Python. These three programming languages are widely used in web development and have different characteristics that set them apart.

Syntax: Java and Python have more similar syntax compared to JavaScript. Java and Python use curly braces for code blocks, whereas JavaScript uses curly braces for object literals and control structures. Additionally, Python uses indentation to define code blocks, whereas Java and JavaScript use curly braces.
Typing: Java and Python are statically typed languages, meaning that variable types are checked at compile-time. On the other hand, JavaScript is a dynamically typed language, where variable types are checked at runtime. This difference allows JavaScript to be more flexible but can lead to some errors that are caught only during runtime.
Platform: Java is platform-independent and designed to run on a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). This means that Java code can be written once and run on any operating system that has a JVM. JavaScript, on the other hand, is primarily used for web development and runs within a web browser. Python is a versatile language that can be used for web development, data analysis, scientific computing, and more.
Concurrency: Java has built-in support for multithreading and concurrency, which allows for efficient utilization of system resources. Python, on the other hand, has a Global Interpreter Lock (GIL), which limits the execution of multiple threads at the same time. JavaScript is single-threaded but supports asynchronous programming through callbacks, promises, and async/await.
Object-Oriented Programming: Java and Python are strongly object-oriented languages, where everything is an object that belongs to a class or has attributes and methods. JavaScript, although it supports object-oriented programming, is prototype-based, meaning that objects can directly inherit properties from other objects without the need for classes.
Libraries and Frameworks: Java has a vast collection of libraries and frameworks for different purposes, including enterprise development, Android app development, and more. Python also has a rich ecosystem with libraries and frameworks for a wide range of applications, such as data science (NumPy, pandas), web development (Django, Flask), and machine learning (TensorFlow, PyTorch). JavaScript has a thriving ecosystem with multiple frameworks for front-end development (React, Angular, Vue.js) and back-end development (Node.js, Express.js).

In summary, the key differences between Java, JavaScript, and Python lie in their syntax, typing, platform, concurrency, object-oriented programming support, and the availability of libraries and frameworks. Each language has its strengths and weaknesses, making it suitable for different use cases and development scenarios.

When developing a new blockchain, we as a team chose Go lang over Java and other candidates, due to Go being (a) natively suited to concurrency - there are primitives in the language itself (goroutines, channels) that really help with reasoning about concurrency (b) super fast - build time, running, testing are all much faster that Java, this gives a far superior developer experience (c) shorter and stricter than Java - code is much shorter (less verbose), and there is usually one good way to do things, and even the code formatter that is bundled with Go is very opinionated - over a short time this makes reading other people's code far smoother than having to deal with different styles.

You should be aware that Go presently (v1.13) lacks Generics.

Python	Java	JavaScript
Python is a general purpose programming language created by Guido Van Rossum. Python is most praised for its elegant syntax and readable code, if you are just beginning your programming career python suits you best.	Java is a programming language and computing platform first released by Sun Microsystems in 1995. There are lots of applications and websites that will not work unless you have Java installed, and more are created every day. Java is fast, secure, and reliable. From laptops to datacenters, game consoles to scientific supercomputers, cell phones to the Internet, Java is everywhere!	JavaScript is most known as the scripting language for Web pages, but used in many non-browser environments as well such as node.js or Apache CouchDB. It is a prototype-based, multi-paradigm scripting language that is dynamic,and supports object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.
Statistics
GitHub Stars 69.7K	GitHub Stars -	GitHub Stars -
GitHub Forks 33.3K	GitHub Forks -	GitHub Forks -
Stacks 250.8K	Stacks 138.7K	Stacks 372.5K
Followers 205.3K	Followers 105.5K	Followers 284.0K
Votes 6.9K	Votes 3.7K	Votes 8.1K
Pros & Cons
Pros 1184 Great libraries 965 Readable code 848 Beautiful code 789 Rapid development 692 Large community Cons 53 Still divided between python 2 and python 3 28 Performance impact 26 Poor syntax for anonymous functions 22 GIL 19 Package management is a mess	Pros 607 Great libraries 446 Widely used 401 Excellent tooling 396 Huge amount of documentation available 334 Large pool of developers available Cons 33 Verbosity 27 NullpointerException 17 Nightmare to Write 16 Overcomplexity is praised in community culture 12 Boiler plate code	Pros 1670 Can be used on frontend/backend 1497 It's everywhere 1163 Lots of great frameworks 899 Fast 746 Light weight Cons 22 A constant moving target, too much churn 20 Horribly inconsistent 15 Javascript is the New PHP 9 No ability to monitor memory utilitization 8 Shows Zero output in case of ANY error
Integrations
Django	Spring	No integrations available

Java vs JavaScript vs Python

Overview

Java vs JavaScript vs Python: What are the differences?

Introduction

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Advice on Python, Java, JavaScript

Detailed Comparison

What are some alternatives to Python, Java, JavaScript?

PHP

Ruby

Golang

HTML5

C#

Scala

Elixir

Swift

Rust

Clojure

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